The AI graveyard: a running list of projects and startups that didn’t make it

Last month, chatbot platform Character.ai filed for bankruptcy just five years after launching. More recently, privacy-focused AI assistant Ollie announced its shutdown a few weeks ago.

The Details

Aside from Character.ai and Ollie, plenty of AI bets never even survive inside the companies that build them. According to S&P Global Market Intelligence, about 42% of AI initiatives are ultimately abandoned by their corporate parents. The reasons vary: insufficient funding, technical challenges, competition, difficulty scaling, or just weak user demand.

The result is a growing AI graveyard. Below is a look at some of the most notable AI products, startups, launches, and bets that have shut down, pivoted, or significantly missed expectations. Think of it less as a scorecard of flops than as a record of what these attempts can (hopefully) teach the rest of the industry.

OpenAI has taken several stumbles

Even the biggest players aren’t immune. OpenAI, one of the most valuable private companies in the world, has had its own share of casualties and missteps. One of the more recent examples was its attempt to turn ChatGPT into a broader “ super app.” On July 9, OpenAI the app to combine several experiences, including separate “Chat,” “Codex,” and “Work” modes, while renaming the traditional, familiar version “ChatGPT Classic.”

The redesign quickly drew criticism from users who found the new interface confusing and cluttered, and OpenAI rolled back the change soon after, bringing the familiar ChatGPT interface back.

That wasn’t OpenAI’s only attempt to pull everything under one roof. The company has also shut down several stand-alone apps and folded their features directly into ChatGPT — a strategy that’s worked out better than the redesign did. ChatGPT Atlas, a stand-alone AI-powered web browser, lasted less than a year before being discontinued on August 9, with its most useful features absorbed into ChatGPT.

The company did the same thing with

Operator, an AI agent that could browse the web and complete tasks on a user’s behalf, and OpenAI has increasingly built image generation directly into ChatGPT, shrinking the role of DALL-E as its own separate destination for creating images.

We also can’t forget its video-sharing platform,

Sora, which struggled with high operating costs and user-retention challenges and shut down in March 2026.

When Apple unveiled

Apple Intelligence in 2024, an improved Siri was one of the highlighted features. The pitch promised a Siri that could understand context, know what was happening across apps, and get tasks done effectively.

However, Apple repeatedly pushed back the release of the new Siri, citing various reasons like engineering issues and bugs. This delay eventually contributed to a $250 million settlement over claims regarding how Apple marketed the AI capabilities of the iPhone 16.

Siri AI finally appeared in the iOS 27 beta this past July, with the new AI-powered version rolling out to English-language users first this month; support for other languages is expected to follow.

Founded in 2021 by former Google researchers Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas, Character.ai was a consumer AI app that let people chat with customizable bots, many of them modeled on celebrities and fictional characters. It raised $150 million at a $1 billion valuation in 2023. Then, the next year, Google paid a reported $2.7 billion to license its technology and bring its founders back into its orbit, leaving the startup to carry on without them.

Character.ai has run into a lot of trouble over the years. Families have sued, alleging the chatbots contributed to teen suicides and self-harm, and Disney sent a cease-and-desist letter over unauthorized use of its characters. Character.ai barred under-18 users from open-ended chats late last year and agreed to settle several of the suits, along with Google, in early 2026.

But it wasn’t enough. The company filed for bankruptcy in early October, citing legal, regulatory, and operational headwinds. In an ironic twist, Disney is now the opening bidder, offering $20 million for a license to some of its intellectual property. The app is still running during the process, and the sale is expected to wrap up by late November or early December.

Relay, an AI-powered workflow automation tool built as an alternative to Zapier, shut down entirely in August 2026.

The product let users automate email and task workflows using AI agents, but as OpenAI, Google, and other larger platforms built similar automation directly into their own tools, five-year-old Relay struggled to hold on to a reason to exist as a stand-alone product.

Ollie launched in June 2026 as one of the first mainstream apps to achieve SOC 2, a privacy compliance standard.

Similar to the other family-focused agents, the idea behind Ollie was that families already have the information they need, but it lives across school messages, calendars, task lists, and group chats. Ollie aimed to bring those pieces together and keep them in sync. It kept track of calendars, emails, reminders, tasks, and other household details, then delivered relevant information to users through text.

However, the app faced a very common challenge: keeping up with heavyweights like Muse and Instinct. Co-founder and CEO Bill Lennon revealed the app would shut down on November 6, citing difficulties like being unable to stand out, failing to grow, and not raising enough capital.

Announced at its 2024 Build developer conference, Microsoft’s

Recall feature was pitched as an AI-powered “photographic memory” for Windows PCs, periodically taking screenshots of what a user was doing so they could later search back through their own digital history.

Predictably, the announcement triggered an immediate backlash over privacy and security. Critics argued that Recall could create a searchable archive of highly sensitive information, including passwords, private messages, financial details, and other activity. Microsoft delayed the feature for nearly a year, giving the company time to rethink its security and privacy protections.

Even after a redesign, the controversy hasn’t gone away. A cybersecurity researcher recently built a tool that could extract and display data that Recall had captured, reviving questions about whether Microsoft has actually fixed the underlying problem.

Notion Mail

Notion Mail launched in April 2025 as an AI-focused email product designed to help users organize and automate their inboxes. However, the company noticed its users were using separate AI agents to handle their email inboxes instead. As a result, Notion Mail is scheduled to shut down on September 22.

Humane AI Pin is probably one of the most well-known failures in AI hardware. Designed to provide AI features through a wearable device rather than a traditional smartphone, Humane raised $230 million from investors and garnered significant attention.

But the product struggled mightily with performance, and the situation worsened when Humane warned customers to stop using its charging case because of a potential battery fire risk. Humane then shut down its AI Pin business in February 2025, with most of the company’s assets acquired by HP for $116 million.

Rabbit R1 was another heavily hyped AI device. Unveiled at CES in January 2024, the AI companion was designed to perform tasks on behalf of its owner. Rabbit said it had sold 100,000 units shortly after launch.

However, strong initial sales didn’t mean it was a strong product.

Early reviews described the device as unfinished, with unreliable performance and a limited number of useful integrations.

The company hasn’t given up, though. It has continued updating the R1, positioning it as a computer controller capable of performing agentic tasks. It also recently announced a n